## Overview The Secretary of State is not a standalone organization but a high-ranking government position within the United States federal government. The Secretary of State serves as the head of the U.S. Department of State and is the President’s principal advisor on foreign policy and international relations[2][7]. This role is critical in shaping and executing the nation’s diplomatic strategy, negotiating treaties, managing diplomatic missions, and representing the U.S. abroad[1][2]. ## History The position was established in 1789, making it one of the oldest cabinet roles in the U.S. government. Thomas Jefferson was the first to hold the office, setting a precedent for influential leadership in foreign affairs[2]. Over the centuries, the Secretary of State has often been a springboard to higher office; several former Secretaries, such as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe, later became President[2]. ## Key Functions and Achievements The Secretary of State’s responsibilities are broad and impactful. They include advising the President on foreign policy, negotiating treaties and agreements with other nations, supervising the U.S. Foreign Service (which staffs embassies and consulates worldwide), and ensuring the protection of American citizens and interests abroad[1][3][5]. The Secretary also oversees the issuance of passports and visas, manages immigration policy in coordination with other agencies, and serves as a liaison between the executive branch, Congress, and the public on matters of international relations[1][3]. Historically, the office has been at the center of major diplomatic achievements, from the Louisiana Purchase to the normalization of relations with China and the negotiation of nuclear non-proliferation treaties. Notable Secretaries include Madeleine Albright, the first woman to hold the position, and Colin Powell, the first African American Secretary[2]. ## Current Status and Notable Aspects Today, the Department of State employs about 30,000 people and manages a budget of approximately $35 billion, reflectin